Descriptive Statistics and Analysis

Count
Counts are among the basic aspects of the descriptive statistics playing a pivotal role in research activities. Counts play a descriptive role in denoting various data categories displayed as pie charts or in line and bar graphs. Counts often denote the number of subjects in a group of different categories.
Percent and frequency
Percentage applies in the counts portrayal. The percent denotes the counts as proportion of the entire population. Frequency is a statistical phrase highlighting the number of times a count occurs in a given data set. In research, frequencies highlight the number of times a variable shows a particular value or score. Frequency data facilitates the calculation of rates, percentages, and yielded variables.

Mean
The mean, also known as the arithmetic mean is the average of a group of data. In a data set characterized by continuity such as height, mean calculation is undertaken by adding all the values and dividing by the number of the values. The symbol µ represents the mean of a population.
Median
Median refers to the value in the middle position of a data set with the values arranged in an ascending or descending order. The median divides the frequency distribution into two. Median calculations are easy. If the data set has an odd value, the median is (n+1) and divide by the value taking the second position in the data set. N is the number of the data values. If the data set has an even value, the median calculation is n/2nd data value.
Mode
Mode refers to the number frequently occurring in a data set. Some data sets might not have mode due to the single occurrence of all values in the list. However, there are data sets that could have more than one mode. Numerous modes occur when a data set has more than two values of the same frequency that are bigger than other value sin the same set. Mode is not used in the summary statistic, except in a binomial distribution.

Range
Range is one of the general measures of variation. Range is one of the statistical dispersions denoting the variation between the highest and lowest figures in a data set. Range, also referred to as spread of the data, measures the data spread. Range portrays the extent of the variation between the highest and the lowest values in a data set. Range calculation is through finding the difference between the highest and the lowest figure.
Standard Deviation
Standard deviation (SD) is a common variation measure. SD portrays the data's variation or closeness from the mean. Despite determining the variation's extent, standard deviation also shows the average variation among several scores. A large standard deviation indicates the large average distance of the data points to the distribution's mean.
Variance
Variance is the standard deviation squared. The yielded figure in the standard deviation calculation is squared to determine the variance. The variance should always be highlighted in line with standard deviation as the variance denote the extent of the numbers being spread out from each other and the average distance from the arithmetic mean. Excel and online calculators are some of the calculation tools in determining the variance and the standard deviation.

IQR
The interquartile range (IQR) in a group of measurements is the difference between the upper and the lower quartile. IQR= Q3-Q1
Percentile ranks
Percentile rank scores rely on percentiles and class-based percentiles. A percentile is the statistic giving the numerical data a relative point compared to other data points in a distribution.
Quartile ranks
Quartiles are the variable's values dividing the ranked data into quarters. Data sets contain three quarters. The first quartile is the number where almost 25% of the values are greater than Q1. The median is the second quartile Q2 and the third quartile Q3 is the number where 75% of the data are lower than Q3.